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Communications

The Power of Community Cohesion: How Emotions and Threat Levels Shape Resilience in Extreme Events

Researchers use mathematical modeling to probe whether cohesive communities are more resilient to extreme events, finding that emotional intensity and levels of stress play a big role.

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The power of community cohesion is a vital factor in determining how well a community recovers from extreme events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, or wildfires. According to Jose Ramirez-Marquez, associate professor at Stevens Institute of Technology, tightly connected communities tend to be more resilient when facing these events. This solidarity and togetherness are key to bouncing back, and can even help prevent the collapse of community structures during intense stress periods.

Scientifically, this togetherness is defined as community cohesion, which encompasses a sense of belonging, mutual support among members, and shared values or sentiments. However, whether this cohesion directly influences how well a community recovers from extreme events was not known until recently. To address this issue, Ramirez-Marquez and his research partner Alexander Gilgur developed mathematical techniques to measure community cohesion and its resilience.

The researchers investigated two case studies of the same San Francisco Bay Area community during 2020 wildfires and during 2022-23 rainstorms. They found that during less intense adverse events such as rainstorms, the community performance improved despite increasing stress levels. However, in high-stress disturbances like the wildfires, the community’s performance suffered due to a negative correlation between resilience and the strength of disturbance.

Furthermore, the scientists discovered that emotional intensity has a strong effect on community cohesion. For helping communities be more resilient, emotional engagement is a very important factor, regardless of whether emotions are positive or negative. On the other hand, people’s economic level does not have a direct effect on community cohesion because disasters can affect everyone equally.

Developing metrics to assess community cohesiveness and resilience offers practical benefits. Establishing a causal link between cohesiveness and resilience allows policymakers to set targets and implement policies that aim to improve resilience. Community cohesiveness is essentially a social glue that holds people together, and quantifying this glue can help indicate whether a given community is resilient or can be stronger.

In conclusion, the power of community cohesion is a vital factor in determining how well a community recovers from extreme events. By understanding the relationship between community cohesion, resilience, and emotional intensity, policymakers can develop targeted policies to improve resilience and ultimately save lives during natural disasters.

Communications

Artificial Intelligence Isn’t Hurting Workers—It Might Be Helping

Despite widespread fears, early research suggests AI might actually be improving some aspects of work life. A major new study examining 20 years of worker data in Germany found no signs that AI exposure is hurting job satisfaction or mental health. In fact, there s evidence that it may be subtly improving physical health especially for workers without college degrees by reducing physically demanding tasks. However, researchers caution that it s still early days.

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The relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and worker well-being has been a topic of concern. However, a recent study suggests that AI exposure may not be causing widespread harm to mental health or job satisfaction. In fact, the data indicates that AI might even be linked to modest improvements in physical health, particularly among employees with less than a college degree.

The study, “Artificial Intelligence and the Wellbeing of Workers,” published in Nature: Scientific Reports, analyzed two decades of longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The researchers explored how workers in AI-exposed occupations fared compared to those in less-exposed roles.

“We find little evidence that AI adoption has undermined workers’ well-being on average,” said Professor Luca Stella, one of the study’s authors. “If anything, physical health seems to have slightly improved, likely due to declining job physical intensity and overall job risk in some of the AI-exposed occupations.”

However, the researchers also highlight reasons for caution. The analysis relies primarily on a task-based measure of AI exposure, which may not capture the full effects of AI adoption. Alternative estimates based on self-reported exposure reveal small negative effects on job and life satisfaction.

“We may simply be too early in the AI adoption curve to observe its full effects,” Stella emphasized. “AI’s impact could evolve dramatically as technologies advance, penetrate more sectors, and alter work at a deeper level.”

The study’s key findings include:

1. Modest improvements in physical health among employees with less than a college degree.
2. Little evidence of widespread harm to mental health or job satisfaction.
3. Small negative effects on job and life satisfaction reported by workers with self-reported exposure to AI.

The researchers note that the sample excludes younger workers and only covers the early phases of AI diffusion in Germany. They caution that outcomes may differ in more flexible labor markets or among younger cohorts entering increasingly AI-saturated workplaces.

“This research is an early snapshot, not the final word,” said Professor Osea Giuntella, another author of the study. “As AI adoption accelerates, continued monitoring of its broader impacts on work and health is essential.”

Ultimately, the study suggests that the impact of AI on worker well-being may be more complex than initially thought. While it is too soon to draw definitive conclusions, the research highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and analysis of AI’s effects on the workforce.

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Communications

Breaking Down Language Barriers in Quantum Tech: A Universal Translator for a Quantum Network

Scientists at UBC have devised a chip-based device that acts as a “universal translator” for quantum computers, converting delicate microwave signals to optical ones and back with minimal loss and noise. This innovation preserves crucial quantum entanglement and works both ways, making it a potential backbone for a future quantum internet. By exploiting engineered flaws in silicon and using superconducting components, the device achieves near-perfect signal translation with extremely low power use and it all fits on a chip. If realized, this could transform secure communication, navigation, and even drug discovery.

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The University of British Columbia (UBC) researchers have proposed a groundbreaking solution to overcome the hurdles in quantum networking. They’ve designed a device that can efficiently convert microwave signals into optical signals and vice versa, which is crucial for transmitting information across cities or continents through fibre optic cables.

This “universal translator” for quantum computers is remarkable because it preserves the delicate entangled connections between distant particles, allowing them to remain connected despite distance. Losing this connection means losing the quantum advantage that enables tasks like creating unbreakable online security and predicting weather with improved accuracy.

The team’s breakthrough lies in tiny engineered flaws, magnetic defects intentionally embedded in silicon to control its properties. When microwave and optical signals are precisely tuned, electrons in these defects convert one signal to the other without absorbing energy, avoiding the instability that plagues other transformation methods.

This device is impressive because it can efficiently run at extremely low power – just millionths of a watt – using superconducting components alongside this specially engineered silicon. The authors have outlined a practical design for mass production, which could lead to widespread adoption in existing communication infrastructure.

While we’re not getting a quantum internet tomorrow, this discovery clears a major roadblock. UBC researchers hope that their approach will change the game by enabling reliable long-distance quantum information transmission between cities. This could pave the way for breakthroughs like unbreakable online security, GPS working indoors, and solving complex problems like designing new medicines or predicting weather with improved accuracy.

The implications of this research are vast, and it’s an exciting time to see how scientists will build upon this discovery to further advance our understanding of quantum technology.

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Communications

Scientists Take a Big Leap Toward the Quantum Internet with New Light Sources

A team of Danish and German scientists has launched a major project to create new technology that could form the foundation of the future quantum internet. They re using a rare element called erbium along with silicon chips like the ones in our phones to produce special particles of light for ultra-secure communication and powerful computing. With cutting-edge tools like lasers and nanotech, the researchers are working to make something that didn t seem possible just a few years ago: light that can both travel long distances and remember information.

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The article “Scientists just took a big step toward the quantum internet” has been rewritten to improve clarity, structure, and style, making it accessible to a general audience. The core ideas remain the same, but the language is simpler and more engaging.

Scientists Take a Big Leap Toward the Quantum Internet with New Light Sources

A groundbreaking research collaboration between Denmark and Germany aims to revolutionize quantum technology by developing new light sources that can connect devices through optical networks. The project, called EQUAL (Erbium-based silicon quantum light sources), has received 40 million Danish crowns in funding from the Innovation Fund Denmark.

The quest for a quantum internet is not just about creating faster computers; it’s also about enabling unbreakable encryption and entirely new types of computing. However, this requires quantum light sources that don’t exist today. The EQUAL project aims to change that by integrating nanophotonic chips with unique technologies in materials, nanoelectromechanics, nanolithography, and quantum systems.

“It is a really difficult task, but we have also set a really strong team,” says Søren Stobbe, the project coordinator at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). “One of the toughest goals is to integrate quantum light sources with quantum memories. This seemed unrealistic just a few years ago, but now we see a path forward.”

The EQUAL team has made significant progress in developing new nanophotonic technology that can enhance the interaction between erbium and light. Erbium is the only viable option for creating viable quantum light sources, but it interacts too weakly with light. The project requires not only advanced nanophotonics but also quantum technology, integrated photonics with extremely low power consumption, and new nanofabrication methods – all of which hold great potential.

The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) will help develop new sources of quantum light using silicon, the same material found in everyday electronics. These light sources will work at the same wavelengths used in fiber-optic communication, making them ideal for future quantum technologies like secure communication and powerful computing.

The EQUAL team has access to further technological input from partnering institutions: quantum networks from Humboldt University in Berlin, nanotechnology from Beamfox Technologies ApS, and integrated photonics from Lizard Photonics ApS. The project’s principal investigator, Dr. Yonder Berencén from the Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research at HZDR, explains that they intend to use advanced ion beam techniques to implant erbium atoms into tiny silicon structures and study how using ultra-pure silicon can improve their performance. This research will lay the foundation for building quantum devices that can be integrated into today’s technology.

The EQUAL project has just begun in May 2025 and will run for five years, aiming to make significant progress toward creating a viable quantum internet. The researchers are excited about the potential breakthroughs and the impact it could have on society.

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