Breaking Down Barriers to IBS Relief: The Mediterranean Diet’s Promising Pilot Study Results

A groundbreaking pilot study from Michigan Medicine researchers has revealed that the Mediterranean diet may provide symptom relief for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Conducted on patients diagnosed with either IBS-D (diarrhea) or IBS-M (mixed symptoms of constipation or diarrhea), this innovative study aimed to compare the efficacy of two popular dietary interventions: the Mediterranean diet and the low FODMAP diet.

The research team randomly assigned participants into two groups, one following the Mediterranean diet and the other adhering to the restriction phase of a low FODMAP diet. The primary endpoint was an FDA-standard 30% reduction in abdominal pain intensity after four weeks. Notably, while both diets showed symptom relief, the low FODMAP group experienced greater improvement measured by both abdominal pain intensity and IBS symptom severity score.

The study’s findings are significant, given that a majority of patients with IBS prefer dietary interventions over medication. Furthermore, restrictive diets like low FODMAP can be difficult to adopt due to their complexity and potential for nutrient deficiencies. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet is already well-established as a beneficial eating pattern for overall health.

The study’s lead author, Prashant Singh, MBBS, emphasized that “restrictive diets can be costly and time-consuming” and may even lead to disordered eating behaviors. The researchers believe that further studies comparing the long-term efficacy of the Mediterranean diet with the low FODMAP reintroduction phase are necessary to fully understand its potential as an effective intervention for patients with IBS.

The University of Michigan’s William Chey, M.D., senior author on the paper, added that “this study adds to a growing body of evidence which suggests that a Mediterranean diet might be a useful addition to the menu of evidence-based dietary interventions for patients with IBS.”

Starting statin therapy as soon as possible can dramatically reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke for patients with diabetes, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Despite clinicians’ recommendations, nearly one-fifth of diabetic patients choose to delay taking statins, which is a proven and effective way to lower cholesterol levels.

Researchers from Mass General Brigham conducted an analysis of electronic health records of 7,239 patients with diabetes who started statin therapy over a nearly 20-year period. The study found that those who delayed statin therapy for more than a year were significantly more likely to experience heart attacks or strokes compared to those who started taking the medication right away.

The median age of the patients in the study was 55, and about half of them were women. The researchers used artificial intelligence methods to gather data from the electronic health records and found that nearly one-fifth (17.7%) of the patients declined statin therapy when it was first recommended by their clinicians. However, they later accepted the therapy after a median of 1.5 years.

The study’s findings are clear: starting statin therapy on time can save lives. For diabetic patients who delayed taking the medication, the rate of heart attacks or strokes was 8.5%, compared to just 6.4% for those who started taking statins immediately.

Clinicians should use this information to guide shared decision-making conversations with their patients, said senior author Alexander Turchin, MD, MS. “Time is of the essence for your heart and brain health,” he added.

The researchers’ findings are timely, given that heart attacks and strokes remain the leading causes of complications and mortality for patients with diabetes. Statin therapy has been proven to reduce risk by preventing plaque buildup in blood vessels, which can lead to delivery problems for the heart and brain.

The study’s authors emphasize the importance of early intervention and encourage diabetic patients to discuss their individual risks and treatment options with their clinicians. By starting statin therapy on time, patients with diabetes can significantly reduce their risk of heart attack and stroke, and improve their overall health and well-being.

The PREVENT risk calculator has been shown to accurately estimate 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and identify individuals with plaque buildup in their heart’s arteries, according to new research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. The study found that combining the PREVENT score with a coronary calcium score further improved risk prediction, matching patients with the highest risk of heart attack to those who actually experienced one during the follow-up period.

The PREVENT calculator, released by the American Heart Association in 2023, estimates CVD risk based on age, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, body mass index, Type 2 diabetes status, social determinants of health, smoking, and kidney function. This tool can help tailor care and determine who may benefit from treatment to prevent a heart attack.

Another important factor in screening heart health is coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), a non-invasive imaging test that visualizes plaque buildup in the heart’s arteries. The CCTA provides a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, which helps inform decisions about heart disease prevention and treatment.

The researchers analyzed electronic health records for nearly 7,000 adults who had undergone CCTA screening at NYU Langone Health between 2010 and 2024. They found that the PREVENT score accurately matched the level of calcium buildup according to the CAC score. The study also used the PREVENT risk assessment and coronary artery calcium scores, separately and in combination, to predict future heart attack risk and assess the accuracy of each with the participants who had a heart attack during the follow-up period.

Study co-author Sadiya Khan emphasized that the CAC score can help classify risk for heart disease by analyzing calcium buildup. The study’s findings are important in shaping future guidelines on the use of the PREVENT calculator and CCTA, particularly for patients uncertain about starting lipid-lowering therapy or intensifying it.

The study had several limitations, including a single institution as the data source and a predominantly white participant population, which may not be generalizable to other groups. The analysis only included people who had undergone coronary calcium screening, and electronic health records were the sole source of data. Additionally, the follow-up time was relatively short at 1.2 years, and the presence of non-calcified plaque in the heart’s arteries was not assessed.

Despite these limitations, the study demonstrates that the PREVENT risk calculator is accurate in identifying individuals with subclinical risk for CVD, meaning blocked arteries before symptoms develop. This research contributes to shaping future guidelines on the use of the PREVENT calculator and CCTA.