Connect with us
We’re experimenting with AI-generated content to help deliver information faster and more efficiently.
While we try to keep things accurate, this content is part of an ongoing experiment and may not always be reliable.
Please double-check important details — we’re not responsible for how the information is used.

Chronic Illness

Unraveling the Sex-Based Differences in Heart Valve Disease: A New Frontier in Treatment

Researchers have shed new light on how a type of heart valve disease — aortic valve stenosis — progresses differently in males and females.

Avatar photo

Published

on

A recent study led by bioengineers at the University of California San Diego has shed new light on how aortic valve stenosis (AVS), a life-threatening disease affecting the heart’s aortic valve, progresses differently in males and females. The research reveals that this sex-based difference can be traced to a gene on the Y chromosome.

The study, published in Science Advances, showcases the critical need to understand how sex chromosomes influence disease progression and paves the way for treatments that could be tailored to a patient’s biological sex. “When we study sex differences in disease, we help everyone,” said study senior author Brian Aguado, professor in the Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.

Aguado’s work is part of a growing body of research exploring the role of sex as a biological variable in disease. Many studies have been conducted primarily on male patients or male-derived cells, under the assumption that sex differences were unimportant. However, scientists and funding agencies have pushed for a more comprehensive approach – one that accounts for the influence of X and Y chromosomes in shaping disease.

The researchers identified a Y chromosome-linked gene, UTY (ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat containing Y-linked), as a key driver of valve calcification in males. In early-stage AVS, specialized heart valve cells become abnormally activated, leading to the formation of myofibroblasts or bone-like cells.

By using biomaterials and nanotechnology, the researchers created a hydrogel that mimics the microscopic structures and stiffness of aortic valve tissue. On this tissue-like surface, they saw the same sex-based differences observed in actual valve tissue – female cells transformed into myofibroblasts, while male cells continued down the path to becoming bone-like cells.

The team’s next step is to explore how UTY might be targeted with drugs. They are now working to identify potential drug combinations that specifically target early-stage AVS processes in males and females. “We’re diving into the basic science of how sex chromosomes influence not just how disease develops, but how cells respond to treatment,” said Aguado.

By figuring out these sex-dependent mechanisms, researchers can develop therapies that are more effective for all people. The study’s findings have significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of AVS, highlighting the importance of considering a patient’s biological sex when developing treatments.

Alternative Medicine

“The Power of Movement: How Regular Exercise Can Add Years to Your Life”

Adopting a physically active lifestyle at any stage of adulthood significantly lowers your risk of dying from any cause, especially from cardiovascular disease. A sweeping analysis of 85 studies confirms that those who stay active consistently reduce their mortality risk by 30–40%, while even those who become active later in life enjoy a 20–25% reduction.

Avatar photo

Published

on

The British Journal of Sports Medicine has published a study that finds being consistently physically active in adulthood is linked to a 30-40% lower risk of death from any cause in later life. This means that even if you haven’t been active throughout your life, it’s never too late to start moving more and reap the benefits. In fact, switching to a more active lifestyle at any point in adult life may extend your lifespan.

The study analyzed data from 85 studies that measured physical activity at two or more points in time. The results showed that consistently active people had around a 30-40% lower risk of dying from any cause, while those who increased their levels of physical activity from below the recommended levels had a 20-25% lower risk of death from any cause.

The researchers also found that generally, the associations observed between a high level of physical activity and a lower risk of death were more evident for cardiovascular disease than for cancer. However, the evidence for the associations between physical activity patterns and death from a specific cause remained inconclusive, especially for death from cancer.

Despite these limitations, the study’s findings have important public health implications. The researchers emphasize the importance of sustained physical activity over time and suggest that future interventions may not only target inactive people but also support active people to maintain their activity.

In conclusion, this study highlights the power of movement in adding years to your life. Whether you’re 20 or 60, it’s never too late to start exercising regularly and reap the benefits for your overall health and well-being. So, get moving and make physical activity a priority in your life!

Continue Reading

Animals

The Lemur Secret to Aging without Inflammation: A Breakthrough for Human Health?

What if humans didn’t have to suffer the slow-burning fire of chronic inflammation as we age? A surprising study on two types of lemurs found no evidence of “inflammaging,” a phenomenon long assumed to be universal among primates. These findings suggest that age-related inflammation isn’t inevitable and that environmental factors could play a far bigger role than we thought. By peering into the biology of our primate cousins, researchers are opening up new possibilities for preventing aging-related diseases in humans.

Avatar photo

Published

on

The study of lemurs has long fascinated scientists, and a recent research breakthrough by biological anthropologist Elaine Guevara is shedding new light on the primate’s remarkable ability to age without inflammation. This phenomenon, known as “inflammaging,” is a widespread issue in humans, leading to health problems such as heart disease, strokes, diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis.

Guevara’s research focused on ring-tailed and sifaka lemurs, two species that differ in their life pacing and lifespan. By studying these primates, Guevara aimed to understand why they avoid the inevitability of inflammaging observed in humans. Her findings were surprising: neither species showed age-related changes in markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. In fact, ring-tailed lemurs even exhibited marginal declines in inflammation with age.

This discovery, consistent with recent studies on other non-human primates, suggests that inflamaging is not a universal feature of primates, and perhaps not even a universal feature of humans. Christine Drea, a professor of evolutionary anthropology who worked alongside Guevara, notes that this study points to differences in aging between humans and lemurs.

As we grow older, low-grade chronic inflammation sets in, causing a range of health problems. Understanding why inflamaging increases with age in humans, what causes it, and how it can be prevented is critical information for unlocking ways to help humans live longer and healthier lives. Guevara’s study serves as the first step in unraveling these questions.

The next step for Guevara and her team is to conduct similar research on lemurs in their natural habitat. This will provide valuable insights into how aging can differ between captivity and the wild, and whether inflamaging is intrinsic or environmental.

With a rapidly aging global population, these findings are essential for mitigating disability and improving quality of life in later years. Guevara’s breakthrough study offers new hope that we may be able to learn from lemurs’ remarkable ability to age without inflammation, leading to better health outcomes for humans worldwide.

Continue Reading

Chronic Illness

The Surprising Link Between Hearing Loss, Loneliness, and Lifespan

People who treat hearing loss with hearing aids or cochlear implants regain rich conversations, escape isolation, and may even protect their brains and lifespans—proof that better hearing translates into fuller living.

Avatar photo

Published

on

A groundbreaking new study has shed light on the surprising link between hearing loss, loneliness, and lifespan. Researchers from the USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery found that adults with hearing loss who used hearing aids or cochlear implants were more socially engaged and felt less isolated compared to those who didn’t use them.

The study, published in JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, is the first to link hearing aids and cochlear implants to improved social lives among adults with hearing loss. The researchers conducted a comprehensive review of 65 previously published studies, encompassing over five thousand participants, on how hearing aids and cochlear implants affect three key measures: social quality of life, perceived social handicap, and loneliness.

The findings suggest that hearing devices can help prevent the social disconnection and broader health consequences that can follow untreated hearing loss. When left unaddressed, hearing loss can make communication difficult, leading people to withdraw from conversations and social activities. This can lead to mental stimulation reduction, increased risk of loneliness, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and dementia.

The researchers found that adults using hearing devices feel more socially connected and less limited in social situations. They are better able to engage in group conversations and feel more at ease in noisy or challenging listening environments. Participants also reported feeling less socially handicapped by their hearing loss, with fewer barriers and frustrations during interactions and an improved ability to stay engaged without feeling excluded.

Those with cochlear implants reported the most improvement in their social quality of life, likely because cochlear implants offer greater hearing restoration than hearing aids, especially for individuals with more severe hearing loss. As a result, they may experience more noticeable improvements in social engagement once their hearing is restored.

While it was outside the scope of the study to measure how better social lives relate to improved cognitive outcomes, the researchers believe there may be a connection. Previous research has found managing hearing loss may be key to reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The study’s lead researcher, Janet Choi, MD, MPH, an otolaryngologist with Keck Medicine, believes that by restoring clearer communication, hearing devices may help preserve cognitive health by keeping the brain more actively involved and people more connected.

This research follows a January 2024 study by Choi showing that adults with hearing loss who use hearing aids have an almost 25% lower risk of mortality, suggesting that treating hearing loss can improve lifespan as well as social quality of life. These findings add to a growing body of research showing that hearing health is deeply connected to overall well-being.

Continue Reading

Trending